The paper begins by describing the geometrically complex and structurally high-performing project, and illustrates the low-tech context in which it was realised. Built from flexible components, the pavilion’s tectonic system is a diagrid shell structure that folds down into three large hollow columns. It was developed using physics simulation engines and physical model prototyping. The bamboo used has widely varying geometric, dimensional, and performative properties, and the scaffolding industry, on whose principles it was based, does not use conventional architectural drawings for its intuitive construction, creating a highly indeterminate and complex field of operation.

Next, the paper discusses the building information modelling protocols put in place to respond to indeterminacies. It discusses the digital design models, the abstractions, and the assumptions that were strategically applied when developing the singular digital design proposal. The paper examines ways in which the digital modelling environment played an ongoing role in design as new refined data was added to the system. It then covers the construction documentation and annotation information that were used for onsite approximation.

The paper then discusses Hong Kong’s building code and architectural practice with respect to indeterminacy. The ‘ZCB Bamboo Pavilion’ highlights how conservative local building cultures can move towards more effective incorporation of natural materials. The paper concludes by discussing the necessity for digital design practice to proactively operate within a field of real-world indeterminacy. Risk, probability, and ambiguity are to be strategically balanced out against idealized digital set-ups and design priorities.